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美國CPA考試復(fù)習(xí):Income statement

來源: 正保會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)校 編輯: 2014/08/26 14:56:06 字體:

  美國注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師考試現(xiàn)為計(jì)算機(jī)考試,不論報(bào)名哪州的考試,均可在美國任何一州的指定計(jì)算機(jī)考試中心參加考試。美國注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師每年分為四個(gè)考試窗口,即每一季度為一個(gè)考試窗口,每一考試窗口的前兩個(gè)月為考試月,第三個(gè)月為??奸喚碓?。網(wǎng)校為了幫助廣大學(xué)員備戰(zhàn)2014年美國cpa考試,精心為大家分享美國cpa考試科目里的重要知識(shí)點(diǎn),希望能夠提升您的備考效果,祝您學(xué)習(xí)愉快!

  “IDEA”:

  “IDE” 1st tier of I/S.

  “A” directly flow to Retained earnings statement

  Cost and Unexpired Costs(F1-17)

  Cost is the amount actually paid for something.

  Most kinds of cost expire in current period or in future period.

  -Expired cost become expense of I/S.(COGS)

  -Unexpired cost become assets of B/S.(Inventory)

  -Unexpired cost will allocated in a systematic and rational manner or matched against Revenues from future period

  Several kinds of cost NEVER expired

  Land

  “I” of “IDEA” is before income tax

  “DEA” of “IDEA” are after income tax

  2nd tier of “I”:Before Tax(F1-18)

  2nd tier of “I”:Before Tax(F1-18)

  Operating activities (Gross Concept, revenues, expenses)

  Non-operating activities (Net Concept,gains,losses)

  Income taxes = current + deferred

  “DE” of “IDEA” are after income tax(F1-18)

  “D”,Income (Loss)from Discontinued Operations,NET of tax

  “E”,Extraordinary Items,NET of tax,

  Unusual in nature

  AND

  Infrequent in occurrence

 ?。╥f “OR”,Income from continuing operation)

  “A” of “IDEA” are after income tax(F1-18)

  “A”,Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle,NET of tax,Report on statement of retained Earnings.

  Two types of income statement

  Dose I/S report operating results separately from non-operating results?

  “YES”,Multiple step I/S(F1-19)

  “NO”,Single step I/S(F1-20)

  Tip:The key is to find the line “Income(loss)from operations”

  FI-2-1 Income from continuing operations

  F1-2-2 Discontinued operations and exit or disposal activities

  F1-2-3 Extraordinary items

  F1-2-4 Accounting changes and error corrections

  Component of an Entity(F1-21)

  A part of an entity

  Operations and cash flows can be clearly distinguished from the rest of entity

  Two types of component qualified(F1-22)

  -Has been disposed of,or

  -Is classified as held for sale.

  6 criteria(ALL meet)(F1-21)

  Items included in Results of Discontinued Operations(F1-22)

  Results of operations of the component

  Gain/Loss on disposal of the component

  Impairment Loss(and subsequent increases in fair value)

  Pass Key of Discontinued Operations Calculation

  某component在X1年12月15日符合Discontinued operations-HFS條件,預(yù)計(jì)X2年6月dispose,則X1.12.31報(bào)表中

  X1.1.1-X1.12.31的損益全部記入DO.

  X0.1.1-X0.12.31的損益重分類入DO.

  通常要計(jì)提impairment

  上述三項(xiàng)要用稅后凈值(1-稅率)

  所有資產(chǎn)不在計(jì)提折舊/攤銷

  X2年6月預(yù)計(jì)處置費(fèi)用,記入X2年。

  Exit or disposal activities(F1-25)

  -Costs types

  Involuntary employee termination costs

  Terminate contract costs

  Other costs associated

  -Criteria for Liability Recognition

  Obligating event occurred

  Present obligation

  No discretion to avoid

  ——Liability Measurement – Fair value

  ——Disclosure

  FI-2-1 Income from continuing operations

  F1-2-2 Discontinued operations and exit or disposal activities

  F1-2-3 Extraordinary items

  F1-2-4 Accounting changes and error corrections

  Extraordinary items,NET of tax (F1-27):

  -Unusual AND Infrequent(expropriation by Gov.)

  Income from Continuing Operations,GROSS:

  -Unusual OR Infrequent(Sales of a factory building)

  IFRS

  -No extraordinary items.

  Pass Key of Extraordinary Items

  Examples of Non-extraordinary Items.

  -Loss from strike

  -Large write-downs or write-offs of AR,Inventory,Intangibles,Long-term securities

  -Gain/loss from disposal of PPE

  -Gain/Loss from foreign currency transactions or translation.

  FI-2-1 Income from continuing operations

  F1-2-2 Discontinued operations and exit or disposal activities

  F1-2-3 Extraordinary items

  F1-2-4 Accounting changes and error corrections

  Accounting Change classified as:(F1-29)

  -Estimate Change-Prospective

  -Principle Change-GR:Retrospective + SR:Prospective

  -Entity Change-Restate

  Error Correction–Restate

  -Real Error–Should not wrong at that time

  -From non-GAAP method to GAAP method(cash basis to accrual basis)

  Tip:會(huì)計(jì)政策變更與會(huì)計(jì)估計(jì)變更的區(qū)別

  會(huì)計(jì)政策變更:是指企業(yè)對(duì)相同的交易或事項(xiàng)由原來采用的會(huì)計(jì)政策改用另一種會(huì)計(jì)政策的行為。如壞賬核算從直接法改為備抵法。

  會(huì)計(jì)估計(jì)變更:是指由于資產(chǎn)或負(fù)債的當(dāng)前狀況及預(yù)期經(jīng)濟(jì)利益和義務(wù)發(fā)生了變化,從而對(duì)資產(chǎn)或負(fù)債的賬面價(jià)值或資產(chǎn)的定期消耗金額進(jìn)行調(diào)整的行為。如壞賬核算備抵法下6個(gè)月-12個(gè)月賬齡的計(jì)提比例從5%調(diào)整為10%.

  Tip: 會(huì)計(jì)估計(jì)變更與會(huì)計(jì)差錯(cuò)更正的區(qū)別

  過去做出的判斷,已不適用今天和未來的情況,那么我們要做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。這種調(diào)整是政策變更、估計(jì)變更,還是差錯(cuò)更正?

  在當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史條件下,另一名有適當(dāng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的合格財(cái)務(wù)人員是否會(huì)做出相同的判斷?

  “是”,會(huì)計(jì)估計(jì)變更(05年底球型顯示器生產(chǎn)線的減值準(zhǔn)備提少了)

  “否”,會(huì)計(jì)差錯(cuò)更正(10年底球型顯示器生產(chǎn)線的減值準(zhǔn)備提少了)

  Change In Accounting Estimate:(F1-29)

  it is determined that the estimate previously used by the company is incorrect.

  Prospective

  -Do not affect previous periods(R.E)

  -Only affect current and future period

  Change In Accounting Principle:(F1-30)

  From one accounting principle to another acceptable accounting principle

  GR: Retrospective

  Adjusting beginning retained earnings in the earliest period presented.(R.E)

  SR: Prospective

  -Change effect impracticable to Estimate(to LIFO)

  -Change in Depreciation Method

  Change In Accounting Entity:(F1-32)

  When the entity being reported on has changed composition.

  Restate

  -As if the new composition has existed on the earliest period in F/S.

  IFRS does not include the concept of a change in accounting entity.

  Error Correction:(F1-33)

  Two types

  -Real Error – Should not wrong at that time

  -From non-GAAP method to GAAP method(cash basis to accrual basis)

  Restate

  As if the accounting treatment is correct on the earliest period in F/S.

  IFRS does not include the concept of a change in accounting entity.

  IDEA

  I- before tax

  DEA – net tax

  E – unusual and infrequent

  Accounting estimate/principle/entity change

  -Estimate,prospective

  -Principle,GR:retrospective

  -Entity, restate

  Error Correction - Restate

  -From Non GAAP to GAAP/ Real error

  網(wǎng)校2014美國cpa輔導(dǎo)熱招

  正保會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)校2014年美國CPA考試輔導(dǎo)全面招生!網(wǎng)校2014年美國注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師(U.S.CPA)考試輔導(dǎo)在總結(jié)往年成功教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,從學(xué)員實(shí)際需求出發(fā),結(jié)合中國考生學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn),融入先進(jìn)的教學(xué)理念與創(chuàng)新的教學(xué)方式,針對(duì)不同學(xué)員的學(xué)習(xí)需求,全新推出高端特訓(xùn)班、網(wǎng)絡(luò)遠(yuǎn)程班、自學(xué)課程班三種個(gè)性化輔導(dǎo)班次。(查看詳情>>

  網(wǎng)校美國CPA課程使用全球美國CPA考試通過率至高的Becker CPA Review教材,配合網(wǎng)校專業(yè)的課程體系、特色的雙語教學(xué)模式、靈活多樣的學(xué)習(xí)方式、全方位一站式配套服務(wù),定能為您順利通過考試助一臂之力。機(jī)會(huì)難得,欲報(bào)從速!

  注:本文為正保會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)校原創(chuàng),版權(quán)屬正保會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)校所有,未經(jīng)授權(quán),不得轉(zhuǎn)載。

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