F1-管理學術(shù)語英漢對照解釋（4）

Managing in a global Environment

1、Parochialism : 狹隘主義

A narrow view of the world; an inability to recognize difference between people.

用狹隘的觀點和視覺看世界，認識不到人們有著不同的生活和工作方式。

2、Ethnocentric attitude: 多國中心論

The parochialistic belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country.

認為東道主的管理人員知道經(jīng)營業(yè)務的至佳工作方式和慣例。

3、Polycentric attitude : 民族中心論

The view that the managers in the host country know the best work approaches and practices for running their business.

認為母國的工作方式和慣例是至好的。

4、Geocentric attitude : 全球中心論

A world- oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe.

一種全球取向觀點即在世界范圍內(nèi)選用至佳方式和至優(yōu)秀的人才。

5、European Union (EU) : 歐盟

A union of European nations created as a unified economic and trade entity.

由15個歐洲國家組成的一個統(tǒng)一的經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易實體。

6、North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) : 北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定

An agreement among the Mexican, Canadian, and US. governments in which barriers to free trade have been eliminated.

由墨西哥，加拿大和美國政府就消除自由貿(mào)易壁壘所達成的協(xié)定。

7、Association of southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) : 東南亞國家聯(lián)盟

A trading alliance of 10 Southeast Asian nations.

東南亞10國的貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟。

8、Multinational corporation (MNC) : 多國公司

A company that maintains significant operations in multiple countries but manages them from a base in the home country.

在多個國家擁有重要的運營單位，但以母國為基地進行管理的組織。

9、Transnational corporation (TNC) : 跨國公司

A company that maintains significant operations in more than one country but decentralizes management to the local country.

在多個國家擁有重要的運營單位，并在從事經(jīng)營的所在國分散管理的公司。

10、Borderless organization : 無國界組織

A global type of organization in which artificial geographical barriers are eliminated.

消除人為地理界限的一種全球性組織。

11、Exporting : 出口

An approach to going global that involves making products at home and selling them overseas.

在國內(nèi)制造產(chǎn)品，并將產(chǎn)品銷往國外。

12、Importing : 進口

An approach to going global by manufacturing organizations that involves giving other organizations the right to use your brand name, technology, or product specifications.

把海外制造的產(chǎn)品銷往國外。

13、Licensing : 許可證貿(mào)易

An approach to going global by manufacturing organizations that involves giving other organizations the right to use your brand name, technology, or product specifications.

通過一次性支付或按銷售提取一定費用，從而給予其他組織商標，技術(shù)或產(chǎn)品規(guī)范的制造業(yè)組織的使用權(quán)。

14、Franchising : 特許證貿(mào)易

An approach to going global by service organizations that involves giving other organizations the right to use your brand name ,technology ,or product specifications.

通過一次性支付或按銷售提取一定費用，從而給予其他組織商標，技術(shù)或產(chǎn)品規(guī)范的服務業(yè)組織的使用權(quán)。

15、Strategic alliances : 戰(zhàn)略同盟

An approach to going global that involves partnerships between an organization and a foreign company which both share resources and knowledge in developing new products or building production facilities.

是指一個組織與外國公司建立的伙伴關系，雙方在開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品或組建生產(chǎn)機構(gòu)時共享資源和知識。

16、Joint venture : 合資企業(yè)

An approach to going global that is a specific type of strategic alliance in which the partners agree to form a separate ,independent organization for some business purpose.

是一種特殊的戰(zhàn)略同盟，即雙方為了某個企業(yè)目標，一致同意成立一個自主經(jīng)營，獨立的組織。

17、Foreign subsidiary : 外國子公司

An approach to going global that involves a direct investment in a foreign country by setting up a separate and independent production facility or office.

在國外直接投資的一種自主經(jīng)營而又獨立的生產(chǎn)機構(gòu)或辦事處。

18、National culture : 民族文化

The values and attitudes shared by individuals from a specific country that shape their behavior and beliefs about what is important.

是指一個國家的居民共有的價值觀，這些價值觀塑造了他們的行為以及他們看待世界的方式。

19、Individualism : 個人主義

A cultural dimension that describes when people are supposed to look after their own interests and those of their immediate family.

人們只關心自己的和直系親屬的利益的一種文化維度。

20、Collectivism : 集體主義

A cultural dimension that describes when people expert others in their group to look after them and to protect them when they are in trouble .

人們希望群體中的其他人再他們有困難時幫助并保護他們的一種文化維度。

21、Power distance : 權(quán)利差距

A cultural measure of the extent to which a society accepts the unequal distribution of power in institutions and organizations.

衡量社會接受機構(gòu)和組織內(nèi)權(quán)利分配不平等的程度的尺度。

22、Uncertainty avoidance : 不確定性規(guī)避

A cultural measure of the degree to which people tolerate risk and unconventional behavior.

衡量人們承受風險和非傳統(tǒng)行為的程度的文化尺度。

23、Quantity of life : 生活的數(shù)量

A national culture attribute describing the extent to which societal values are characterized by assertiveness and materialism.

一種表現(xiàn)為過分自信以及追求金錢和物質(zhì)財富的民族文化。

24、Quality of life : 生活的質(zhì)量

A national culture attribute that reflects the emphasis and concern for others.

一種重視人與人之間的關系，并表現(xiàn)出對他人幸福的敏感和關心的民族文化。

25、Culture shock : 文化沖擊

The feelings of confusion, disorientation ,and emotional upheaval caused by being immersed in a new culture.

處于一個新的文化時所產(chǎn)生的困惑，迷惘以及鋸烈的情感波動的感覺。

26、Organizational socialization: 組織社會化

The process that employees go through to adapt to an organization′s culture.

是指雇員適應組織文化所經(jīng)歷的過程。

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